L altra euridice di italo calvino biography

Italian writer and journalist (–)

"Calvino" redirects here. For other uses, see Calvino (disambiguation).

Italo Calvino (,^[1][2]also,^[3]Italian:[ˈiːtalokalˈviːno];^[4] 15 October &#;– 19 Sept ) was an Italian author and journalist.

His best-known entirety include the Our Ancestors threesome (–), the Cosmicomics collection declining short stories (), and magnanimity novels Invisible Cities () good turn If on a winter's night-time a traveler ().

Admired amusement Britain, Australia and the Collective States, Calvino was the uttermost translated contemporary Italian writer at the same height the time of his death.^[5] He is buried in probity garden cemetery of Castiglione della Pescaia in Tuscany.

Biography

Parents

Italo Writer was born in Santiago subjective las Vegas, a suburb loosen Havana, Cuba, in His holy man, Mario&#;[it], was a tropical husbandman and botanist who also coached agriculture and floriculture.^[6] Born 47 years earlier in Sanremo, Italia, Mario Calvino had emigrated be acquainted with Mexico in where he took up an important position comprehend the Ministry of Agriculture.

Give back an autobiographical essay, Italo Author explained that his father "had been in his youth come to an end anarchist, a follower of Syndicalist and then a Socialist Reformist".^[7] In , Mario left uncontaminated Cuba to conduct scientific experiments, after living through the Mexican Revolution.

Calvino's mother, Giuliana Luigia Evelina "Eva" Mameli, was smashing botanist and university professor.^[8] Top-hole native of Sassari in Island and 11 years younger get away from her husband, she married make your mind up still a junior lecturer affluence Pavia University.

Born into clever secular family, Eva was nifty pacifist educated in the "religion of civic duty and science".^[9] Eva gave Calvino his hardly any first name to remind him of his Italian heritage, granted since he would end ready to react growing up in Italy afterward all, Calvino thought his title sounded "belligerently nationalist".^[10] Calvino alleged his parents as being "very different in personality from ventilate another",^[7] suggesting perhaps deeper tensions behind a comfortable, albeit zone, middle-class upbringing devoid of disagreement.

As an adolescent, he arrive on the scene it hard to relate acquaintance poverty and the working-class, champion was "ill at ease" friendliness his parents' openness to righteousness labourers who filed into ruler father's study on Saturdays comprise receive their weekly paycheck.^[11]

Early taste and education

In , less better two years after Calvino's outset, the family returned to Italia and settled permanently in Sanremo on the Ligurian coast.

Calvino's brother Floriano, who became a- distinguished geologist, was born domestic The family divided their put on the back burner between the Villa Meridiana, distinctive experimental floriculture station which further served as their home, take precedence Mario's ancestral land at San Giovanni Battista. On this diminutive working farm set in rectitude hills behind Sanremo, Mario pioneered the cultivation of the expand exotic fruits such as aguacate and grapefruit, eventually obtaining operate entry in the Dizionario biografico degli italiani for his achievements.

The vast forests and abundant fauna omnipresent in Calvino's awkward fiction such as The Fat cat in the Trees derive escape this "legacy". In an question period, Calvino stated that "San Remo continues to pop out bill my books, in the domineering diverse pieces of writing."^[12]

Calvino gain Floriano would climb the tree-rich estate and perch for noon on the branches reading their favourite adventure stories.^[13] Less decent aspects of this "paternal legacy" are described in The Rein in to San Giovanni, Calvino's account of his father in which he exposes their inability go communicate: "Talking to each beat was difficult.

Both verbose stomach-turning nature, possessed of an the drink of words, in each other's presence we became mute, would walk in silence side bypass side along the road profit San Giovanni."^[14] A fan get the picture Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book as a child, Calvino matte that his early interest current stories made him the "black sheep" of a family desert held literature in less show than the sciences.

Fascinated harsh American movies and cartoons, do something was equally attracted to pull, poetry, and theatre. On organized darker note, Calvino recalled make certain his earliest memory was rot a Marxist professor who esoteric been brutally assaulted by Benito Mussolini's Blackshirts. He said: "I remember clearly that we were at dinner when the give a pasting professor came in with queen face beaten up and bloodstained, his bowtie all torn coordination over it, asking for help."^[15]

Other legacies include the parents' folk-wisdom in Freemasonry, republicanism with dash of anarchism and Marxism.^[16] Spartan freethinkers with an intense disdain of the ruling National Ideology Party, Eva and Mario along with refused to give their progeny any education in the Universal Faith or any other religion.^[17] Italo attended the English nest school St George's College, followed by a Protestant elementary undisclosed school run by Waldensians.

Ruler secondary schooling, with a archetype lyceum curriculum, was completed continue to do the state-run Liceo Gian Domenico Cassini where, at his parents' request, he was exempted shun religion classes but frequently deliberately to justify his anti-conformism oppose teachers, janitors, and fellow pupils.^[18] In his mature years, Writer described the experience as acquiring made him "tolerant of others' opinions, particularly in the offshoot of religion, remembering how oppressive it was to hear woman mocked because I did need follow the majority's beliefs".^[19] Delight in , Eugenio Scalfari, who went on to found the tabloid magazine L'Espresso and La Repubblica, a major Italian newspaper, came from Civitavecchia to join honesty same class though a epoch younger, and they shared nobleness same desk.^[20] The two teenagers formed a lasting friendship, Author attributing his political awakening put in plain words their university discussions.

Seated parcel "on a huge flat friend in the middle of unblended stream near our land",^[15] filth and Scalfari founded a academy movement called the MUL. Eva managed to delay her son's enrolment in the Party's briery scouts, the Balilla Moschettieri, highest then arranged that he remedy excused, as a non-Catholic, implant performing devotional acts in Church.^[21] But later on, as span compulsory member, he could classify avoid the assemblies and parades of the Avanguardisti,^[22] and was forced to participate in integrity Italian invasion of the Romance Riviera in June ^[17]

World Clash II

In , Calvino enrolled trim the University of Turin, verdict the Agriculture Faculty where her majesty father had previously taught courses in agronomy.

Concealing his intellectual ambitions to please his kinship, he passed four exams advise his first year while version anti-Fascist works by Elio Vittorini, Eugenio Montale, Cesare Pavese, Johan Huizinga, and Pisacane, and crease by Max Planck, Werner Heisenberg, and Albert Einstein on physics.^[23] Calvino's real aspiration was prevalent be a playwright.

His writing book to Eugenio Scalfari overflow farm references to Italian and distant plays, and with plots have a word with characters of future theatrical projects. Luigi Pirandello and Gabriele D'Annunzio, Cesare Vico Lodovici and Ugo Betti, Eugene O'Neill and Architect Wilder are among the painting authors Calvino cites as climax sources of inspiration.^[24] Disdainful advice Turin students, Calvino saw woman as enclosed in a "provincial shell"^[25] that offered the optical illusion of immunity from the Fascistic nightmare: "We were ‘hard guys’ from the provinces, hunters, snooker-players, show-offs, proud of our deficit of intellectual sophistication, contemptuous persuade somebody to buy any patriotic or military grandiloquence, coarse in our speech, regulars in the brothels, dismissive disseminate any romantic sentiment and awfully devoid of women."^[25]

Calvino transferred check in the University of Florence bolster and reluctantly passed three extend exams in agriculture.

By primacy end of the year, magnanimity Germans had succeeded in occupying Liguria and setting up Benito Mussolini's puppet Republic of Salò in northern Italy. Now greenback years old, Calvino refused militaristic service and went into caning. Reading intensely in a encyclopedic array of subjects, he very reasoned politically that, of depreciation the partisan groupings, the communists were the best organized trusty "the most convincing political line".^[26]

In spring , Eva encouraged counterpart sons to enter the European Resistance in the name look up to "natural justice and family virtues".^[27] Using the nom de guerre "Santiago", Calvino joined the Garibaldi Brigades, a clandestine Communist suite and, for twenty months, endured the fighting in the Transportation Alps until and the Payoff.

As a result of rulership refusal to be a collect, his parents were held prisoner by the Nazis for ending extended period at the House Meridiana. Calvino wrote of enthrone mother's ordeal that "she was an example of tenacity have a word with courage… behaving with dignity dispatch firmness before the SS enthralled the Fascist militia, and enfold her long detention as deft hostage, not least when rank blackshirts three times pretended walk shoot my father in vanguard of her eyes.

The authentic events which mothers take shadow in acquire the greatness tolerate invincibility of natural phenomena".^[27]

Turin tolerate communism

Calvino settled in Turin monitor , after a long falter over living there or critical Milan.^[28] He often humorously small this choice, describing Turin bit a "city that is unsmiling but sad".

Returning to further education college, he abandoned Agriculture for honesty Arts Faculty. A year next, he was initiated into nobility literary world by Elio Vittorini, who published his short fib "Andato al comando" (; "Gone to Headquarters") in Il Politecnico, a Turin-based weekly magazine allied with the university.^[29] The fear of the war had howl only provided the raw matter for his literary ambitions on the contrary deepened his commitment to integrity Communist cause.

Viewing civilian perk up as a continuation of honourableness partisan struggle, he confirmed rule membership in the Italian Commie Party. On reading Vladimir Lenin's State and Revolution, he plunged into post-war political life, synthesis himself chiefly with the worker's movement in Turin.^[30]

In , unquestionable graduated with a Master's study on Joseph Conrad, wrote sever connections stories in his spare generation, and landed a job timetabled the publicity department at nobility Einaudi publishing house run insensitive to Giulio Einaudi.

Although brief, fulfil stint put him in customary contact with Cesare Pavese, Natalia Ginzburg, Norberto Bobbio, and numerous other left-wing intellectuals and writers. He then left Einaudi turn work as a journalist ardently desire the official Communist daily, l'Unità, and the newborn Communist governmental magazine, Rinascita.

During this lifetime, Pavese and poet Alfonso Gatto were Calvino's closest friends essential mentors.^[31]

His first novel, Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno (The Path to the Nest operate Spiders) written with valuable oped article advice from Pavese, won prestige Premio Riccione on publication timely ^[32] With sales topping copies, a surprise success in postwar Italy, the novel inaugurated Calvino's neorealist period.

In a second-sighted essay, Pavese praised the minor writer as a "squirrel uphold the pen" who "climbed experience the trees, more for cold than fear, to observe biased life as a fable resembling the forest".^[33] In , loosen up interviewed one of his fictitious idols, Ernest Hemingway, travelling occur Natalia Ginzburg to his countryside in Stresa.

Ultimo viene defeat corvo (The Crow Comes Last), a collection of stories family unit on his wartime experiences, was published to acclaim in Regardless of the triumph, Calvino grew progressively worried by his inability afflict compose a worthy second innovative. He returned to Einaudi jammy , responsible this time select the literary volumes.

He long run became a consulting editor, spruce position that allowed him concentrate on hone his writing talent, single out new writers, and develop butt "a reader of texts".^[34] Delight in late , presumably to approach in the Communist Party, do something spent two months in ethics Soviet Union as a newscaster for l'Unità.

While in Moscow, he learned of his father's death on 25 October. Righteousness articles and correspondence he loosely transpire b nautical tack from this visit were available in , winning the Saint-Vincent Prize for journalism.

Over boss seven-year period, Calvino wrote leash realist novels, The White Schooner (–), Youth in Turin (–), and The Queen's Necklace (–54), but all were deemed defective.^[35] Calvino's first efforts as neat as a pin fictionist were marked with circlet experience in the Italian stamina during the Second World Combat, however, his acclamation as unadulterated writer of fantastic stories came in the s.^[36] During say publicly eighteen months it took halt complete I giovani del Po (Youth in Turin), he plain an important self-discovery: "I began doing what came most directly to me – that in your right mind, following the memory of dignity things I had loved blow out of the water since boyhood.

Instead of fashioning myself write the book Uproarious ought to write, the original that was expected of inference, I conjured up the exact I myself would have be a success to read, the sort tough an unknown writer, from added age and another country, determined in an attic."^[37] The do its stuff was Il visconte dimezzato (; The Cloven Viscount) composed control 30 days between July cope with September The protagonist, a seventeenth-century viscount sundered in two vulgar a cannonball, incarnated Calvino's ontogeny political doubts and the mutinous turbulence of the Cold War.^[38] Skilfully interweaving elements of distinction fable and the fantasy genres, the allegorical novel launched him as a modern "fabulist".^[39] Direction , Giulio Einaudi commissioned surmount Fiabe italiane (; Italian Folktales) on the basis of decency question, "Is there an European equivalent of the Brothers Grimm?"^[40] For two years, Calvino collated tales found in 19th 100 collections across Italy then translated of the finest from assorted dialects into Italian.

Key expression he read at this delay were Vladimir Propp's Morphology make out the Folktale and Historical Bloodline of Russian Fairy Tales, provoking his own ideas on nobility origin, shape and function allowance the story.^[41]

In Calvino wrote work to rule Giorgio Bassani for Botteghe Oscure, a magazine named after grandeur popular name of the party's head offices in Rome.

Explicit also worked for Il Contemporaneo, a Marxist weekly.

From bump Calvino had an affair better Italian actress Elsa De Giorgi, a married, older woman. Excerpts of the hundreds of enjoy letters Calvino wrote to counterpart were published in the Corriere della Sera in , responsible for backing some controversy.^[42]

After communism

In , jaundiced by the Soviet invasion detailed Hungary, Calvino left the Romance Communist Party.

In his put to death of resignation published in l'Unità on 7 August, he explained the reason for his resist (the violent suppression of blue blood the gentry Hungarian uprising and the blow of Joseph Stalin's crimes) span confirming his "confidence in probity democratic perspectives" of world Communism.^[43] He withdrew from taking drawing active role in politics be first never joined another party.^[44] Ostracized by the PCI party director Palmiro Togliatti and his clear-cut on publication of Becalmed carry the Antilles (La gran bonaccia delle Antille), a satirical symbol of the party's immobilism, Writer began writing The Baron envelop the Trees.

Completed in match up months and published in , the fantasy is based shame the "problem of the intellectual's political commitment at a put on the back burner of shattered illusions".^[45] He misconstrue new outlets for his recurrent writings in the journals Città aperta and Tempo presente, excellence magazine Passato e presente, gift the weekly Italia Domani.

Industrial action Vittorini in , he became co-editor of 'Il Menabò, out cultural journal devoted to information in the modern industrial table, a position he held unsettled ^[46]

Despite severe restrictions in authority US against foreigners holding ideology views, Calvino was allowed in a jiffy visit the United States, place he stayed six months take the stones out of to (four of which noteworthy spent in New York), name an invitation by the Work one`s way assail Foundation.

Calvino was particularly moved by the "New World": "Naturally I visited the South folk tale also California, but I each time felt a New Yorker. Gray city is New York." Honourableness letters he wrote to Einaudi describing this visit to righteousness United States were first publicised as "American Diary –" bring to fruition Hermit in Paris in

In Calvino met Argentinian translator Jewess Judith Singer ("Chichita") and connubial her in in Havana, nigh a trip in which explicit visited his birthplace and was introduced to Ernesto "Che" Revolutionist.

On 15 October , uncomplicated few days after Guevara's infect, Calvino wrote a tribute result him that was published expect Cuba in , and take away Italy thirty years later.^[47] Misstep and his wife settled show Rome in via Monte Brianzo where their daughter, Giovanna, was born in Once again vital for Einaudi, Calvino began print some of his "Cosmicomics" limit Il Caffè, a literary munitions dump.

Later life and work

Vittorini's fatality in greatly affected Calvino. Blooper went through what he commanded an "intellectual depression", which authority writer himself described as blueprint important passage in his life: "I ceased to be prepubescent. Perhaps it's a metabolic action, something that comes with advantage, I'd been young for a-one long time, perhaps too survive, suddenly I felt that Hysterical had to begin my antique age, yes, old age, perchance with the hope of prolonging it by beginning it early."

Amid the atmosphere that would evolve into 's cultural spin (the French May), he extract his family moved to Town in , taking up habitation in a villa in representation Square de Châtillon.

Nicknamed l'ironique amusé, Calvino was invited saturate Raymond Queneau in to marry the Oulipo (Ouvroir de littérature potentielle) group of experimental writers where he met Roland Barthes and Georges Perec, who would influence his later work.^[48] Zigzag same year, he turned break open the Viareggio Prize for Ti con zero (Time and ethics Hunter) on the grounds become absent-minded it was an award confirmed by "institutions emptied of meaning".^[49] He accepted, however, both leadership Asti Prize and the Feltrinelli Prize for his writing break off and , respectively.

In combine autobiographical essays published in unthinkable , Calvino described himself despite the fact that "atheist" and his outlook little "non-religious".^[50]

Calvino had many significant contact with the authorized world, notably at the University (with Barthes) and the Medical centre of Urbino. His literary interests spanned multiple periods, genres, squeeze languages, including Honoré de Novelist, Ludovico Ariosto, Dante, Ignatius warrant Loyola, Cervantes, Shakespeare, Cyrano retain Bergerac, and Giacomo Leopardi.

Between and , Calvino published several short stories, "The Name, class Nose" and the Oulipo-inspired "The Burning of the Abominable House", in the Italian edition run through Playboy. He also became copperplate regular contributor to the Romance newspaper Corriere della Sera. Over this period, Calvino spent crown summer vacations in a habitation constructed in the pinewood show signs of Roccamare, in Castiglione della Pescaia, Tuscany.

In , Calvino was made an Honorary Member remind you of the American Academy. Awarded influence Austrian State Prize for Indweller Literature in , he visited Mexico, Japan, and the Affiliated States, where he gave uncut series of lectures in a handful American cities. After his dam died in at the tatter of 92, Calvino sold Home Meridiana, the family home sentence San Remo.

Two years afterward, he moved to Rome lay hands on Piazza Campo Marzio near excellence Pantheon and began editing distinction work of Tommaso Landolfi concerning Rizzoli. Awarded the French Légion d'honneur in , he further accepted the role of compromise president for the 38thVenice Membrane Festival.

During the summer jump at , Calvino prepared a keep in shape of texts on literature intend the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures to be delivered at Philanthropist University in the fall.

Scratch September 6, , Calvino meet a stroke in his tenancy in Roccamare, where he was preparing for a lecture journey of the United States. First hospitalized at the Misericordia asylum in Grosseto, he was transferred to the hospital of Santa Maria della Scala in Siena (now a museum). After degree regaining consciousness, his condition worsen and he died during righteousness night of 18/19 September holiday a cerebral haemorrhage, aged sixty-one.^[51][52] He is buried in probity cemetery-garden of Castiglione della Pescaia.^[51] His lecture notes were promulgated posthumously in Italian in near in English as Six Memos for the Next Millennium imprison

Authors he helped publish

Selected publications

A selected bibliography of Calvino's leaflets follows, listing the works deviate have been published in Candidly translation, along with a occasional major untranslated works.

More complete bibliographies can be found leisure pursuit Martin McLaughlin's Italo Calvino come to rest Beno Weiss's Understanding Italo Calvino.^[53][54]

Fiction

Fiction collections

Title	Original publication	English translation	Translator
Ultimo viene solution corvo The Crow Comes Last		–	–
30 short stories (some of these stories appear middle Adam, One Afternoon, and distress collections).
– Adam, One Afternoon vital Other Stories	–		Archibald Colquhoun, Peggy Wright
21 short stories: Adam, One Afternoon; The 1 Garden; Father to Son; Undiluted Goatherd at Luncheon; Leaving Homecoming Shortly; The House of nobility Beehives; Fear on the Footpath; Hunger at Bévera; Going consign to Headquarters; The Crow Comes Last; One of the Three evolution Still Alive; Animal Wood; Purloining in a Cake Shop; Pelf and the Demi-Mondaine; Sleeping Famine Dogs; Desire in November; Spruce Judgment; The Cat and picture Policeman; Who Put the Method in the Sea?; The Argentinian Ant.
I nostri antenati Our Ancestors			Archibald Colquhoun
3 novels: The Cloven Viscount; The Financier in the Trees; The Vanished Knight.
– The Watcher and Additional Stories	–		Archibald Colquhoun, William Weaver
1 novella, 2 consequently stories: The Watcher; The Argentinian Ant; Smog.
– Difficult Loves	–		William Weaver, D. S. Carne-Ross
3 novellas: Difficult Loves; Smog; A Plunge into Real Estate.
– Difficult Loves	–		William Weaver, Archibald Colquhoun, Peggy Wright
Justness novella, Difficult Loves, and 20 short stories: Adam, One Afternoon; The Enchanted Garden; A Drover at Luncheon; The House fall foul of the Beehives; Big Fish, Miniature Fish; A Ship Loaded monitor Crabs; Man in the Wasteland; Lazy Sons; Fear on distinction Footpath; Hunger at Bévera; Confused to Headquarters; The Crow Arrives Last; One of the Match up Is Still Alive; Animal Woods; Mine Field; Theft in grand Pastry Shop; Dollars and blue blood the gentry Demimondaine; Sleeping like Dogs; Thirst for in November; Transit Bed.
Sotto il sole giaguaro Under the Panther Sun			William Weaver
3 short stories: Under the Cat Sun; A King Listens; Integrity Name, The Nose.
Prima reservation tu dica 'Pronto' Numbers in description Dark and Other Stories			Tim Parks
37 short stories: The Man Who Shouted Teresa; The Flash; Making Do; Overrun River; Conscience; Solidarity; The Grey Sheep; Good for Nothing; Come into view a Flight of Ducks; Warmth Far from Home; Wind personal a City; The Lost Regiment; Enemy Eyes; A General arbitrate the Library; The Workshop Hen; Numbers in the Dark; Say publicly Queen's Necklace; Becalmed in dignity Antilles; The Tribe with Wellfitting Eyes on the Sky; Night Soliloquy of a Scottish Nobleman; A Beautiful March Day; Pretend Memory; Beheading the Heads; Righteousness Burning of the Abominable House; The Petrol Pump; Neanderthal Man; Montezuma; Before You Say 'Hello'; Glaciation; The Call of grandeur Water; The Mirror, the Target; The Other Eurydice; The Diary of Casanova; Henry Ford; Description Last Channel; Implosion; Nothing present-day Not Much.
Tutte le cosmicomiche The Complete Cosmicomics			Martin McLaughlin, Tim Parks, William Weaver
Picture collections Cosmicomics and t zero, 4 stories from Numbers find guilty the Dark and Other Stories, and 7 stories newly translated by Martin McLaughlin.
L'entrata enjoy guerra Into the War			Martin McLaughlin
Trio of stories:'Into dignity War', 'The Avanguardisti in Menton', 'UNPA Nights'. Into the Armed conflict is Calvino at his autobiographic best, combining brilliantly recollected recall with compelling wit and on target prose.

Essays and other writings

Title	Original publication	English translation	Translator
Orlando Furioso di Ludovico Ariosto –		–	–
An interpretation female the epic poem, and selections.
Autobiografia di uno spettatore Autobiography drug a Spectator		–	–
Proem to Fellini's Quattro film (Four Films).
Introduction to Faits distinct de la terre et shelter ciel by Silvina Ocampo –		–	–
With a preface inured to Jorge Luis Borges.
Una pietra sopra: Discorsi di letteratura compare società The Uses of Literature (also published as The Literature Machine)			Patrick Creagh
Essays stone literature.
Racconti fantastici dell'ottocento Fantastic Tales			?
Anthology of fervour supernatural stories.
Science et métaphore chez Galilée Science and Metaphor extort Galileo Galilei		–	–
Lectures given at the École nonsteroid hautes études in Paris.
The Written and the Unwritten Word[55]			William Weaver
Lecture at the same height the New York Institute shelter the Humanities on 30 Strut
Collezione di sabbia Collection come close to Sand			Martin McLaughlin
Journalistic essays from –
Lezioni americane: Sei proposte per il prossimo millennio Six Memos for the Go by Millennium			Patrick Creagh
At prepared for the Charles Dramatist Norton Lectures. On the tenets of literature.
Sulla fiaba –		–	–
Essays on fables.
I libri degli altri. Lettere – –		–	–
Letters that Author wrote to other authors, whilst he worked at Einaudi.
Perché leggere i classici Why Read picture Classics?			Martin McLaughlin
Essays on classic literature.

Autobiographical works

Title	Original publication	English translation	Translator
La strada di San Giovanni The Road to San Giovanni			Tim Parks
Eremita a Parigi. Pagine autobiografiche Hermit in Paris			Martin McLaughlin
Album Calvino		none	none

Libretti

Title	Original performance
La panchina. Opera in un atto The Bench: One-Act Opera
Engage for the opera by Sergio Liberovici.
La vera storia
Libretto for the opera unresponsive to Luciano Berio.
Un re suppose ascolto A King Listens
Earmark for the opera by Luciano Berio, based on Calvino's brief story "A King Listens".[56]

Translations

Selected filmography

Film and television adaptations

• The Nonexistent Knight by Pino Zac, (Italian cheerful film based on the novel)
• Amores dificiles by Ana Luisa Ligouri, (13' Mexican short)
• L'Aventure d'une baigneuse by Philippe Donzelot, (14' Gallic short based on The Glow of a Bather in Difficult Loves )
• Fantaghirò by Lamberto Bava, (TV adaptation based on Fanta-Ghirò the Beautiful in Italian Folktales)
• Palookaville by Alan Taylor, (American integument based on Theft in clever Cake Shop, Desire in November, and Transit Bed)
• Solidarity by Of either sex gay Kiang, (10' American short)
• Conscience spawn Yu-Hsiu Camille Chen, (10' Denizen short)
• "La Luna" by Enrico Casarosa, (American short loosely based register "The Distance of the Moon" from Cosmicomics.)^[57]

Films on Calvino

• Damian Pettigrew, Lo specchio di Calvino, Archived 4 May at the Wayback Machine.

  Co-produced by Arte Author, Italy's Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali, arena the National Film Board mislay Canada, the feature-length docufiction stars Neri Marcorè as the Romance writer alongside distinguished literary reviewer Pietro Citati. The film as well uses in-depth interviews conducted hold Calvino's Rome residence a class before his death in attend to rare footage from RAI, Gall (Institut national de l'audiovisuel), squeeze BBC television archives.^[58] The sticky French version titled, Dans chilly peau d'Italo Calvino ("Being Italo Calvino"), was broadcast by Arte France on 19 December brook Sky Arte (Italy) on 14 October ^[59]

Legacy

The Scuola Italiana Italo Calvino, an Italian curriculum faculty in Moscow, Russia, is first name after him.

A crater persistent the planet Mercury, Calvino, distinguished a main-belt asteroid, Italocalvino, are also named after him. Salt Hill Journal and Routine of Louisville award annually depiction Italo Calvino Prize "for cool work of fiction written market the fabulist experimental style duplicate Italo Calvino".^[60]

Kai Nieminen (b.

) wrote his flute concerto () based on the story clasp Mr. Palomar. The text was written to the dedicatee, Apostle Gallois.^[61]

Awards

Notes

Sources

Further reading

General

• Benussi, Cristina ().

  Introduzione a Calvino. Rome: Laterza.

• Bartoloni, Paolo (). Interstitial Writing: Calvino, Caproni, Sereni and Svevo. Leicester: Troubador.
• Bloom, Harold (ed.) (). Bloom's Higher ranking Short Story Writers: Italo Calvino. Broomall, Pennsylvania: Chelsea House.
• Bolongaro, Eugenio ().

  Italo Calvino topmost the Compass of Literature. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

• Cannon, JoAnn (). Italo Calvino: Writer deed Critic. Ravenna: Longo Press.
• Carter Threesome, Albert Howard (). Italo Calvino: Metamorphoses of Fantasy. Ann Frame, Michigan: UMI Research Press.
• Chubb, Writer ().

  I, Writer, I, Reader: the Concept of the Vanish in the Fiction of Italo Calvino. Leicester: Troubador.

• Gabriele, Tomassina (). Italo Calvino: Eros and Language. Teaneck, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson Sanitarium Press.
• Jeannet, Angela M. () Under the Radiant Sun and depiction Crescent Moon.

  Toronto: University honor Toronto Press.

• Markey, Constance (). Italo Calvino. A Journey Toward Postmodernism. Gainesville: Florida University Press.
• —. Enquire. "Italo Calvino: The Contemporary Fabulist" in Italian Quarterly, 23 (spring ): 77–
• Pilz, Kerstin (). Mapping Complexity: Literature and Science uphold the Works of Italo Calvino.

  Leicester: Troubador.

External links

Excerpts, essays, artwork